Mongolia Paving the Way for Coal-Dependent Energy Systems and Economies to Embrace Clean Energy
The world faces an urgent challenge: how to accelerate the clean energy transition while ensuring no one is left behind. For coal- and resource-dependent economies, this transition is not just a matter of technology but also about jobs, health, economic resilience, and social equity. The International Energy Agency estimates that coal still accounts for over one-third of global electricity generation, making the shift toward clean, affordable, and scalable alternatives one of the defining challenges of our time.
Mongolia exemplifies both the scale of the challenge and the promise of solutions. Over 60% of Ulaanbaatar’s winter air pollution originates from coal burning in ger district households. Indoor and outdoor pollution combined causes over 7,100 premature deaths annually and economic losses amounting to 10% of GDP. Historically, the Mongolian ger, an iconic nomadic dwelling, has always relied on chimneys for heating, reflecting a deeply embedded culture of coal and biomass use. Transitioning away from this legacy in one of the world’s harshest climates, where winters can reach -40°C, and in a coal-dependent economy, requires nothing short of a paradigm shift. Yet Mongolia, with its vast renewable energy potential and strong political commitment, is pioneering practical models for a just energy transition that could inspire other coal-dependent economies. The solution piloted for the ger districts is especially unique because it is homegrown, developed by Mongolian experts and innovators who understand the local context, cultural needs, and extreme weather conditions.
With support from partners including France, the People’s Republic of China, and UNDP, Mongolia is scaling up clean household energy solutions that integrate solar power, energy storage, smart metering, carbon finance mechanisms, and community engagement. These innovations aim to create a scalable and financially viable model for households in cold-climate regions, ensuring that the transition away from coal improves health, livelihoods, and economic opportunities.
The upcoming COP30 in Brazil offers a platform to share Mongolia’s lessons with the world showing how a coal-dependent economy can embrace renewables while protecting vulnerable communities. It also builds momentum toward UNCCD COP17 on Desertification in Mongolia in 2026, where climate resilience, land restoration, and sustainable energy systems will take center stage, positioning Mongolia as a regional leader in advancing the global climate agenda.
Speakers:- Mr. Manduul Nyamdeleg - Governor of Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Mr. Odkhuu Durzee - Advisor to Minister of Environment and Climate Change, The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change
- Ms. Khaliut Baasansuren - Operations Manager, URECA LLC, Mongolia
- Riad Meddeb - Director of Sustainable Energy Hub, UNDP (Online)
- Enkh-Amgalan Tseelei - Senior Climate Change Officer, ADB Mongolia Resident Mission
Watch Live on YouTube